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Using a VPN is a terrific way to shield your internet traffic when you're traveling, but it's not a solution for encrypting your local files. .

When the FBI needed information from the San Bernardino shot's iPhone, they asked Apple for a back door to get past the encryption. However, no such back door existed, and Apple refused to create one. The FBI needed to hire hackers to get into the phone.

Why wouldn't Apple help Since the moment a rear door or similar hack exists, it will become a goal, a prize for the poor guys. It'll flow sooner or later. In a discussion at Black Hat this past summer, Apple's Ivan Krstic disclosed that the company has done something similar in their cryptographic servers.

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Apple can't update thembut the bad guys can't get in either. .

All of the products in this roundup explicitly say they have no back door, and that's as it should be. It will mean that in the event you encrypt an essential document and then forget that the encryption password, then you have lost it for good.

Back in the day, if you wanted to keep a document secret you could use a cipher to encrypt it and then burn the original. Or you could lock it up in a safe. The two main approaches in encryption utilities parallel these options.

One type of product simply procedures files and folders, turning them into impenetrable encrypted versions of these. Another creates a virtual disc that, when open, acts like any other drive on your system. When you lock the digital drive, all of the files that you put into it are completely inaccessible. .

Similar to the virtual drive solution, a few products save your encrypted information in the cloud. This strategy requires extreme care, obviously. Encrypted data in the cloud has a much bigger attack surface than encrypted data on your own PC.

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That is better It actually depends on how you plan to use encryption. If you are not sure, take advantage of this 30-day free trial offered by each one of these products to get a feel for the different options.

After you copy a file into protected storage, or create an encrypted version of it, you definitely need to wipe out the unencrypted original. Simply deleting it isn't link sufficient, even if you skip the Recycle Bin, because the data still exists on disc, and data retrieval utilities can often get it back. .

Some encryption products prevent this problem by encrypting the document in place, literally overwriting it on disc with an encrypted version. It is more common, though, to provide secure deletion as an option. If you select something that lacks this feature, you ought to find a free secure deletion tool to use along with it. .

Overwriting data before deletion is sufficient to balk software-based retrieval tools. Hardware-based forensic recovery works since the magnetic recording of data on a hard drive isn't original site actually digital. It is more of a waveform. In simple terms, the process involves nulling out the known data and reading around the borders of what is left.

An encryption algorithm is like a black box. Dump a document, picture, or other file into it, and you get back what sounds like gibberish. Run that gibberish back via the box, using the exact same password, and you get back the original.

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The U.S. government has depended on Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) as a standard, and all of the merchandise gathered here support AES. Even the ones that support other algorithms tend to recommend using AES.

If you're an encryption specialist, you might prefer another algorithm, Blowfish, perhaps, or even the Soviet government's GOST. For the typical consumer, however, AES is just fine.

Passwords are important, and you must keep them secret, right Well, not when you use Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) cryptography.

With PKI, you get two keys. One is public; you can share it with anyone, register it in a key exchange, tattoo it on your foreheadwhatever you prefer. Another is private, and should be carefully guarded. If I want to send you a key document, I just encrypt it with your public key.

Simple! .

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Using this system in reverse, you can create an electronic signature which shows that your document came from you and hasn't been modified. How Just encrypt it with your private key. The fact that your public key decrypts it's all of the evidence you need. PKI service is less common than service for traditional symmetric algorithms. .

If you want to talk about a file with someone and your encryption tool doesn't support PKI, there are different options for sharing. Many products enable creation of a self-decrypting executable file. You could also find that the recipient can use a complimentary, decryption-only tool.